Periparturient blood T-lymphocyte PD-1 and CTLA-4 expression as potential predictors of new intramammary infections in dairy cows during early lactation (short communication) | Semantic Scholar (2024)

Several herd-level thresholds for the proportion of cows with increased NEFA or BHBA, or decreased calcium in the week before and after calving were associated with higher risk of displaced abomasum, milk loss at the first Dairy Herd Improvement Association test, and decreased pregnancy at first AI.

Looking at whether distinct staphylococcal and mammaliicoccal species and strains trigger B- and T-lymphocyte proliferation and interleukin (IL)-17A and interferon (IFN)-γ production by peripheral blood mononuclear cells in nulliparous, primiparrous, and multiparous dairy cows found that multiparrous cows tended to have a higher B-lyphocyte and a lower T-LYmphocyte proliferative response

The combined blockade of TIM-3 and PD-1 pathways shows strong immune activation and antiviral effects and has potential as a novel therapeutic method for BLV infection.

The antimicrobial resistance and molecular typing of Staphylococcus aureus recovered from transient and persistent intramammary infections and nares/muzzles in dairy cows was determined and it was found that a large proportion of strains exhibited multidrug resistance to antimicrobials, including resistance to critically important antimicroBials, although no methicillin-resistant S. aUREus strains were found.

The most prominent result of the present study is that quarters with nonspecific mastitis showed the highest percentage of milk CD4+ T lymphocytes, suggesting an increase in this leukocyte subpopulation is correlated with low bacterial shedding.

Investigation of blood variables related to lipid metabolism, oxidative stress and inflammation, and serum variables that are related to health in postpartum cows suggested none of the above-mentioned variables can be used as potential prognostic candidates.

The potential for therapeutically targeting immune checkpoint pathways in the pathogenesis of infectious diseases is discussed and the recent success of immune checkpoint blockade in cancer therapy suggests that targeting these pathways would also be effective for preventing and treating a range of infectious Diseases.

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